The simplest and most cost effective PV design for many sites is the "Grid-Tie" (sometimes referred to as intertied or utility-interactive) system. This system cannot provide backup power during periods when the electric grid is down (even if the sun is shining) but for sites with fairly reliable grid power, this is usually the best system choice.
The Grid-Tie With Battery Backup system can also push excess electricity produced to the electric utility grid but has the added feature of batteries in order to power some selected backup loads when the grid is down. With this benefit comes increased complexity, cost and maintenance requirements.
The Off-Grid or Stand-Alone PV System incorporates large amounts of battery storage to provide power for a certain number of days (and nights) in a row when sun is not available. The array of solar panels must be large enough to power all energy needs at the site and recharge the batteries at the same time. Most Off-Grid systems benefit from the installation of more than one renewable energy generator and may include Wind and/or Hydro power. A gas generator is often employed for emergency backup power. You may have seen mini versions of the stand-alone system on remote road signs and radio towers..
PV Direct systems are usually very simple systems where the photovoltaic panel is connected directly to a motor or pump which matches the voltage and amperage output of the panel. When the sun shines and the PV panel produces electricity, the device runs--when the sun is not available, the device stops. This system is often used for livestock where a well-pump lifts water out of the ground to a watering trough in remote locations. Other applications include solar powered attic fans, irrigation systems and small day-time garden waterfalls or fountains.
PV Direct System
Our office is in Excelsior, MN. We serve Minneapolis, St. Paul, all of the Twin Cities area (including Blaine, Bloomington, Burnsville, Chanhassen, Chaska, Eagan, Eden Prairie, Edina, Lakeville, Maple Grove, Maplewood, Minnetonka, Plymouth, Wayzata, and Woodbury) and the southern half of Minnesota.
